Preparation of WSi@SiOx/Ti3C2 x /Ti 3 C 2 from photovoltaic silicon waste as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Silicon anodes hold promise for future lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high capacity, but they face challenges such as severe volume expansion and low electrical conductivity. In this study, we present a straightforward and scalable electrostatic self-assembly method to fabricate WSi@SiOx/Ti3C2 x /Ti 3 C 2 composites for LIBs. Silicon nanosheets and the ultra-thin oxide layer SiOx x serve as sufficient buffers against volume changes, while the layered MXene enhances the electrical conductivity of the composite and promoted Li+/e- + /e- transport. Additionally, cationic surfactant-treated Ti3C2 3 C 2 provides more active sites for WSi@SiOx x attachment and acts as an intercalating agent, enabling WSi@SiOx x to enter the interlayer spaces of Ti3C2. 3 C 2 . The WSi@SiOx/Ti3C2 x /Ti 3 C 2 electrodes significantly improved electrochemical performance, achieving a capacity of 1,130 mAh g-1- 1 after 800 charge/discharge cycles at 500 mA g-1.- 1 . This study not only presents a straightforward pathway for high-value utilization of silicon waste but also offers a feasible route for preparing high-performance and cost-effective silicon-based LIBs.