Smart Cities for Whom? Exploring the Role of Gunshot Detection Systems in Marginalized Communities

The growing concept of smart cities has led to the development of technology-based initiatives to enhance urban safety. Among these, gunshot detection systems (GDS) have emerged as a potential tool for crime prevention. This paper examines the implementation of a GDS in Cape Town, a city that simultaneously holds the title of a smart city while grappling with a persistent gun violence problem, particularly in marginalized communities. In particular, the study focuses on exploring the perceived effectiveness of GDS in reducing gun violence in Cape Town's marginalized Cape Flats community. Using a qualitative, inductive approach, the research aimed to discover new insights and provide residents with a platform to share their voices across three communities where the GDS and other smart crime prevention technologies have been deployed. The findings highlight a complex interplay of social (drug trafficking and gangsterism), economic (poverty), and technical factors (unreliable supply of electricity) that negatively influence the perception and implementation of gunshot detection systems in marginalized communities. Addressing these issues requires a holistic approach that considers community engagement, poverty alleviation, communication strategies, and considerations for the ethical implications of surveillance technology. This research holds valuable insights for developing inclusive urban safety strategies.