Robotic-assisted surgery for lateral ventral hernias - experience of robot-assisted methods for retromuscular and preperitoneal abdominal wall reconstruction

BackgroundDue to the proximity to bony structures and the complex anatomy of the three-layered lateral abdominal wall, the surgical treatment of lateral ventral hernias is technically demanding. With this study we would like to demonstrate how lateral abdominal wall hernias can be treated using new robotic surgical techniques with extraperitoneal mesh placement.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the application of the robot in minimally invasive treatment of lateral abdominal wall hernias is safe and efficient.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent robotically-assisted lateral ventral hernia repair surgery from June 2019 to December 2023 was performed.ResultsA total of 50 ventral hernias were operated robotically due to a lateral hernia in the study period. 45 patients had an incisional hernia and 5 patients a primary spighelian hernia. 27 patients had only lateral findings, whereas 23 patients had combined hernias with lateral and medial hernial defects. 18 patients were treated with a preperitoneal mesh (r-vTAPP). 31 patients required TAR to achieve complete fascial closure and sufficient mesh overlap (24 extraperitoneal approach r-eTAR/7 transperitonel approach r-TAR). One patient had to be converted intraoperatively from a planned preperitoneal mesh to an intraperitoneal mesh repair (r-IPOM). The median hernia defect area was 71 cm(2) (3-375 cm(2)). The median mesh size was 600 cm(2) (150-1290 cm(2)). The median mesh defect ratio (MDR) was 10 (2,33-133,33). Five postoperative complications were encountered (10%). Two reoperations (4%) were required.ConclusionThe utilization of new robotic surgical techniques provides a safe minimally invasive treatment option even for complex lateral ventral hernias that previously posed difficulties in surgical management. The early postoperative results show promising outcomes.