Noninvasive EEG-Based Intelligent Mobile Robots: A Systematic Review

Brain-controlled mobile robotics can provide restoration of mobility for individuals with severe physical disabilities and empower healthy people with a broader reachable range in particular environments, which have been flourished over the past twenty years. This paper conducts a systematic state-of-the-art overview of noninvasive EEG-based intelligent mobile robots. We first present the general architecture and basic concepts, typical system types, and main research efforts on the whole-system design. Then, relevant key techniques associated with the brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), control strategies, and robot intelligence are reviewed to elucidate the research progress of the overall system. System performance evaluation is critical and complicated, here we summarize the conditions of the recruited participants, the experimental protocol, tasks and environments, with an emphasis on evaluation metrics regarding BMI performance, navigation performance, system robustness, and the user. We further highlight the remaining challenges and the potential research directions of future work. This study with informative outline is envisioned to enhance current understanding and suggest the future perspectives on EEG-based mobile robotic devices .