Numerical Study of Magnetohydrodynamic Forced Convective Nanoliquid Flow Through a Channel with Backward Facing Step and Three Hot Cylinder Blocks

This research focuses on nanoliquid (Copper-Water) flow, heat transfer, and the amount of disorder (total entropy generation) within a 2D conduit with a backward-facing step and three hot cylinder blocks. The mesoscopic lattice Boltzmann approach (LBM:BGK model) was used to resolve the continuity, momentum, and energy equations. Attention was concentrated on the impacts of pertinent parameters such as the cylinder blocks diameter (H/4 <= D <= H), Reynolds number (10 <= Re <= 200), Hartmann number (0 <= Ha <= 50), magnetic field inclination angle (0 degrees <= gamma (M )<= 90 degrees), and percentage of nanoparticles volume (0%<= Phi <= 4%) on the hydrodynamic and thermal properties, in addition to the value of entropy generation. The acquired results demonstrate that increasing the diameter of cylindrical blocks fourfold leads to 46% rise in Nu (avg) and about 25.8% on S (gen) for Re = 150. Raising the Reynolds number from 10 to 200 leads to a 54.84% elevation on Nu (avg) and 45.77% of the value of S (gen) for Ha = 0. The enhancement of the Hartmann number from 0 to 50 decreases the heat transfer in terms of Nu(avg) by about 2% and increases S (gen) by about 81% for Re = 200. Four percent of nanoparticles in liquid, results in an increase of 8.5% on heat transfer in terms of Nu (avg) and 8.73% of S (gen) for Re = 200. Also, the results indicate that the recirculation zone is directly reduced by increasing the value of volume fraction of nanoparticles and decreasing the Reynolds number. Furthermore, it disappears when the Hartmann number increases. The magnetic field decreases the heat transfer rate when the conductive mode dominates and enhances it when the convection mode dominates.