Impact of PEG-GCSF in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single Center Experience and Literature Review

Background/Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic brought many challenges in healthcare systems globally. Pegylated granulocyte colony stimulating factor (PEG-GCSF) is recommended to reduce febrile neutropenia (FN), however there are a few reports that G-CSF might worsen COVID-19 disease, and its appropriate use during the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the association between PEG-GCSF use and COVID-19 infection and severity. Patients and Methods: Breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy at the Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital between October 2020 and April 2023 were included. Patients with suspected COVID-19 symptoms during each chemotherapy cycle underwent COVID-19 antigen testing. To assess the potential impact of PEG-GCSF on COVID-19 severity, we collected data on patient background, chemotherapy regimens, PEG-GCSF use, COVID-19 antigen tests, and COVID-19 infection from their medical records. Results: Thirty patients received chemotherapy. In total, 71 cycles were administered comprising adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC; 37 cycles), docetaxel (DTX; 26 cycles) and docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC; eight cycles). Among those patients, suspected COVID-19 symptoms were observed in only one of 62 cycles of the three regimens (1.6%) with PEG-GCSF compared to two of nine cycles (22.2%) without PEG-GCSF (p=0.0405). However, because none developed COVID-19 infection during chemotherapy, we could not assess COVID-19 severity and PEG-GCSF use. Conclusion: A potential role of PEG-GCSF in reducing suspected COVID-19 symptoms during chemotherapy, reducing the anxiety and need for hospital visits, thus improving patients' quality of life, is suggested. These insights could contribute to optimizing the care of breast cancer patients in situations like the current pandemic.