Electric Spring to Power Factor Correction and Voltage Regulation of PV System by Considering Uncertainties

With the increasing global demand for electrical energy and facing environmental challenges such as global warming and the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the importance of utilizing renewable energy sources has become significant. On the other hand, due to the stochastic nature of renewable energy sources, it is challenging to make the generated energy directly proportional to the consumption. This leads to variations in the network voltage. In this paper, Electric Springs (ES) is proposed as a demand response technology to enhance the stability and power quality of emerging power systems with a high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources. In recent years, Electric Springs have been introduced as a tool for demand-side management in microgrids or networks with a substantial share of renewable energy. This equipment, acting as a controlled voltage source through a series connection with non-sensitive loads, introduces a smart load capable of altering current and consequently non-sensitive load power, thus balancing the fluctuations in renewable energy sources and load. In this article, an analytical method for controlling first and second-generation Electric Springs is presented to improve the power factor of the network and regulate the voltage of sensitive loads by modeling the effects of uncertainty and oscillations in renewable energy sources. The results indicate that the proposed method using secondgeneration Electric Springs can lead to an improvement in power factor and voltage regulation under conditions of over voltage or decrease.