Biliary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of continuous infusion meropenem/vaborbactam in a case series of orthotopic liver transplant recipients

Objective: To analyse the biliary pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of continuous infusion (CI) meropenem-vaborbactam (MEM-VBM) in a case series of orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients being treated for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) related biliary tract infections (BTIs) or as preemptive therapy of KPC-Kp rectal colonization. Methods: Critical OLT recipients receiving CI MEM-VBM (2 g/2 g q8h over 8 h) because of KPC-Kp related BTIs or as preemptive therapy of KPC-Kp rectal colonization, having Kehr's tube positioned and undergoing simultaneous therapeutic drug monitoring of MEM and VBM in plasma and bile were retrospectively assessed. Bile-to-plasma ratio of free steady-state concentrations (fC(ss)) of MEM and VBM was used for assessing biliary penetration. Optimal joint MEM-VBM PK/PD target attainment was defined as MEM fC(ss)/MIC ratio >4 coupled with VBM free area under time-concentration curve (fAUC)/threshold concentration (C-T) ratio >24. Results: Overall, four critical OLT recipients were included. Median bile-to-plasma ratio was 0.32 for MEM (range 0.21-0.79) and 0.40 for VBM (range 0.20-0.77). Biliary MEM-VBM joint PK/PD target attainment was optimal in 3/4 OLT recipients and quasi-optimal in the other one. Conclusions: The 1:1 proportion between MEM and VBM concentrations was maintained unchanged in the bile, allowing us to assume that the efficacy of MEM-VBM may be appropriate even in the treatment of BTIs. CI administration was an effective strategy for attaining aggressive biliary joint PK/PD targets against pathogens with an MIC up to 2 mg/L.