Exploring phenolic compounds as natural stress alleviators in plants- a comprehensive review

Phenolic compounds are pivotal players in the development and defense mechanisms of plants, exerting multifaceted effects that contribute to their resilience and adaptability to environmental challenges. This review explores the diverse roles of phenolic compounds in plant biology, focusing on their antioxidant properties, metal chelation capabilities, antimicrobial activities, and structural functions. Additionally, phenolic phytoalexins, derived from phenylpropanoids, emerge as potent defenders against pathogenic infections, while flavonoids play crucial roles in Ultraviolet (UV) protection, allelopathy, and defense against herbivores and pathogens. The synthesis of cell wall-strengthening compounds, such as lignin and suberin, from phenylpropanoids, underscores their importance in fortifying plant structures against environmental stresses. Furthermore, phenolic compounds contribute to the regulation of signaling pathways involved in stress responses, highlighting their integral role in coordinating plant defense mechanisms. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of the diverse functions of phenolic compounds in plant biology is essential for elucidating plant-environment interactions and developing strategies to enhance plant resilience in dynamic environmental conditions.