This article studies the finite-time synchronization (FTSyn) of neutral-type coupled systems (NTCSs) with controller failure (CF). Different from the existing finite-time control methods for NTCSs (wherein the time-varying delays should be involved in the controller), two kinds of simple and efficient controllers without any delay information are designed, which can simplify the controller design and system complexity. Specifically, a vector-based event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is utilized to save communication resources, and it can exclude Zeno behavior effectively. Since the effect of CF is considered, the additional controllers do not work in some time domains, thus resulting in the classical finite-time stability theorem being invalid. By developing new analysis methods and constructing novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals (LKFs), some sufficient criteria are obtained to ensure the FTSyn. Note that the proposed LKFs are designed by introducing some free vectors and, as a result, the obtained criteria are termed by vector inequities, which are less conservative than the algebraic one. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and design methods is demonstrated by two simulation examples.