Socioeconomic factors associated with the presence of and outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Background and Aims: The association between socioeconomic factors and disease severity is not well studied in people living with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We thus examined if socioeconomic factors influence the presence of, or risk for future, major adverse liver outcomes (MALOs) in people living with MASLD. Methods: We conducted a register-based cohort study that included all individuals with a MASLD diagnosis between 1987 and 2020 in Sweden. Logistic and Cox regression were used to examine the association between socioeconomic factors (country of birth, educational level, and marital status) and the presence of MALOs before or upon MASLD diagnosis or during follow-up, respectively. Results: In total, 14 026 people living with MASLD were identified, among whom the median age was 55 years, 50% were male and 775 (5.5%) had MALOs before or upon diagnosis. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for pre-existing MALOs was higher in divorced (aOR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.57) compared to married individuals. The aOR for pre-existing MALOs was lower among those with >12 years of education (aOR = .76, 95% CI = .62-.93) compared to individuals with an education level of 10-12 years. During a 5.2-year median follow-up, several socioeconomic factors were associated with increased rates of developing MALOs in a crude model; however, none were independently associated with incident MALOs after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions: Socioeconomic factors were associated with somewhat higher odds for prevalent, but not incident, MALOs in people living with MASLD, after adjustments. This suggests primarily that risk factors for fibrosis progression are differently distributed across socioeconomic subgroups.