Experimental study on in-situ emulsification of heavy oil in porous media

Under the strategic goal of "dual-carbon", reducing oil viscosity by in-situ emulsification using chemical method has become a new direction for high-efficiency and low-carbon development of heavy oil reservoirs. This technology can transform the originally immovable heavy oil into movable dispersed oil droplets through in-situ emulsification, and thus enhances heavy oil recovery. However, there is still a lack of sufficient understanding about the characteristics and influencing laws of in-situ emulsification of heavy oil in porous media. So, this paper carried out experimental studies on in-situ emulsification and influencing factors for heavy oil in porous media. The results show that, due to the transport and adsorption loss of viscosity reducer in porous media, the emulsification area expands gradually from the inlet to the outlet. At the same sampling position, with the increase of injection volume, the dispersed oil droplet size decreases, the distribution density increases, and the color of produced liquid changes from light yellow to dark brown. Under the same injection volume, the closer to the outlet, the smaller the particle size of the dispersed oil droplets and the higher the distribution density, which is resulted from the shearing effect of the porous media. With the increase of injection rate, the hydrodynamic shear effect is enhanced, so the in-situ emulsification of heavy oil starts earlier and the emulsification oil ratio curves have a higher slope and distribute more densely. With the increase of agent concentration, the adsorbed number of viscosity reducer molecules on the oil-water interface is increased, making it easier to emulsify the remaining oil. With the increase of pre-conversion oil recovery, the remaining oil in the porous media is more dispersed and the oil-water contact surface increases, so the emulsification is easier and the percentage of dispersed oil droplets in the produced oil phase increases. The research results based on sampling analysis deepen our understanding on in-situ emulsification of heavy oil in porous media, which provides valuable reference for designing suitable viscosity reducer agent and effectively enhancing heavy oil recovery in the future.