Spindle cell carcinoma of larynx: A case report

Introduction and importance: Laryngeal Spindle Cell Carcinoma (SpCC), a rare subtype constituting only 0.5% of cases, poses diagnostic challenges due to its biphasic nature and histological resemblance to other neoplasms. Our study explores unique observations, including monoclonal epithelial origin and an unusually large tumor triggering respiratory distress. Case report: In this comprehensive case report, a 62-year-old male with a history of tuberculosis and extensive smoking presented with respiratory distress and a white vocal cord mass, diagnosed as spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC). Laryngoscopic and imaging evaluations revealed an ill-defined mass originating from the right supraglottic larynx. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed confirming the diagnosis. The management included immediate tracheostomy, surgical resection, adjuvant radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Regular follow-ups and a multidisciplinary approach contributed to a successful three-year outcome without recurrence. Clinical discussion: Spindle Cell Carcinomas (SpCCs) of the larynx, historically termed carcinosarcoma and sarcomatoid carcinoma, are rare and predominantly affect middle-aged to elderly males. These biphasic tumors arise from both epithelial and spindle cell elements and present with symptoms like hoarseness and dysphagia. Risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol, and viral infections. Accurate diagnosis relies on histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Early detection facilitates favorable outcomes, with five-year survival rates ranging from 65 to 95%. Conclusion: Spindle Cell Carcinoma (SpCC) of the larynx, originating from epithelial and spindle cell elements, requires early detection through histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Early diagnosis leads to a notably optimistic five-year survival prognosis.