In vivo neuroprotective effect of Guaiacum officinale leaf extracts in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment model

The phytochemical composition and neuroprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of Guaiacum officinale leaves against scopolamine-induced amnesia were investigated. Spatial memory was evaluated through the Morris water maze, while the entire brain was assessed for acetylcholinesterase (AchE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. The presence of glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins was detected in the ethanolic extract through phycological analysis. The findings suggested that the ethanolic extract alleviated scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairments caused by scopolamine and decreased the AchE activity. The study also detailed MDA, SOD, transfer latency periods, and acetylcholine esterase levels in both normal and extract-treated groups.