Critical behavior around the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic - paramagnetic phase transition in La2-xCex/2Erx/2NiMnO6 using an iterative approach

In this paper we investigate the critical aspects of our La2-xCex/2Erx/2NiMnO6 samples with (x = 0.00, 0.025 and 0.035) during the paramagnetic (PM) - ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition by observing the relationship between magnetization (M) and magnetic field (mu H-o). This approach relies on an iterative strategy that employs modified Arrott plots. Firstly the Landau theory was used to generate isothermal M (H, T) curves near the PM - FM phase transition. Afterwards, alternative methods were used to evaluate the critical exponents acquired for manganite materials, including the Kouvel-Fisher (KF) approach and the critical isotherm (CI) around T-C. Furthermore, Widom's scaling law (delta = 1 + gamma/beta) was employed to validate the precision of the critical exponent parameters. Additionally, the scaling formula identified by MH,epsilon=epsilon(beta)f +/-(H/epsilon(beta+gamma))with epsilon = (T - T-C)/T-C was utilized to further validate the appropriateness of the obtained exponents. According to the scaling formula, two separate branches of the M-mu H-o-T curves were observed; one above and another below T-C. Moreover, the exponents determined in this study did not belong to any universally recognized classes. These results suggest that the critical phenomenon in our samples, which was an inhomogeneous ferromagnet around T-C, influenced by magnetic disorder due to oxygen vacancies, cannot be described within the framework of existing universality classes and probably belong to a separate class.