Advances in thermal management systems for Li-Ion batteries: A review

The pursuit of optimum thermal performance, characterized by a balanced temperature range and minimal thermal gradients, is identified as essential for achieving higher electrochemical efficiency in Li-ion electric vehicle batteries. This review outlines various proposed battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) designed to handle low-temperature differences and maintain minimal internal thermal gradients, particularly critical for large format cells. A comprehensive assessment of BTMS performance is facilitated through recently defined performance parameters, aiding in their selection. Moreover, the review underscores the importance of battery cooling methods, focusing on internal, external surface side and edge cooling, and external tab cooling. Comparative analysis highlights the significance of hybrid approaches for optimal results. Tab cooling is viable in managing thermal gradients. For example, cycling 5Ah Kokam cells using tab cooling led to 3 times longer battery life justified by better thermal performance compared to surface cooling. However, challenges associated with recent cell designs impacting heat dissipation rates are acknowledged for tab cooling. Finally, this review offers a thorough examination of advancements in BTMS for lithium-ion batteries, emphasizing the pivotal role of thermal management in enhancing electrochemical performance within the evolving landscape of electric vehicle technology. The outlined performance parameters and comprehensive analysis of cooling methods contribute to a deeper understanding of these critical aspects.