Understanding flame behaviors under gradient magnetic fields: The dynamics of non-reacting gas jets

Gradient magnetic fields impact fluid dynamics through Kelvin forces, altering flame behavior. Key complexities such as the interaction of magnetic fields with thermal gradients and chemical reactions within flames remain largely unexplored. By isolating variables such as heat release and thermal convection, this study aims to delve into fundamental mechanisms by which gradient magnetic fields affect the fluid dynamics of flames. This research adopts nitrogen, helium, argon and oxygen as jet gases, focusing exclusively on the fluid dynamics of non-reacting flow. Experimental techniques and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are employed to explore the effects of varying gas species and magnetic field strengths. Results demonstrate that gas density significantly impacts jet behavior, with paramagnetic oxygen concentrating in areas of stronger magnetic fields, and other gases like helium, nitrogen, and argon showing distinct behaviors based on their molar mass. The study also establishes an optimized energy conservation equation that accurately predict jet height, considering factors such as buoyant and Kelvin forces. By studying the flow behavior of non-reacting gases under magnetic fields, the results are ultimately extended to estimate flame heights and elucidate the mechanisms of air-to-fuel diffusion.