DSFC-AE: A New Hyperspectral Unmixing Method Based on Deep Shared Fully Connected Autoencoder

The pervasive presence of mixed pixels in hyperspectral remote sensing imagery poses a substantial constraint on the quantitative progress of remote sensing technology. Hyperspectral unmixing (HU) techniques serve as effective means to address this issue. In recent years, deep learning methods, particularly autoencoders (AEs), have been progressively employed in blind HU due to their compatibility with linear mixture models. However, most of the current advanced AE unmixing networks are based on a single-stage framework that conducts the unmixing task solely from a spectral perspective. This makes the rich spatial information ignored and makes it difficult for the network to obtain discriminative compression features while being susceptible to spectral variability and noise outliers. To address these issues, we propose a new deep shared fully connected autoencoder (DSFC-AE) unmixing network. The proposed DSFC-AE network comprises dual branches that utilize distinct data inputs for feature extraction: the original spectral data and coarse-scale spectral data obtained through superpixel segmentation. Furthermore, shared weight strategies are applied to the corresponding dimension reduction layers of the encoder, facilitating effective feature fusion. In addition, we integrate two constraint terms into the loss function, harnessing the sparsity of abundances and the geometric features of endmembers. We evaluate the DSFC-AE method against three traditional methods and four state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms using multiple real datasets. The results unequivocally demonstrate that the proposed network achieves significant improvements in both accuracy and stability.