Reorienting health systems towards Primary Health Care in South Asia

This series, "Primary health care in South Asia", is an effort to provide region-specific, evidence-based insights for reorienting health systems towards PHC. Led by regional thinkers, this series draws lessons from five countries in South Asia: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. This is the last paper in the series that outlines points for future action. We call for action in three areas. First, the changing context in the region, with respect to epidemiological shifts, urbanisation, and privatisation, presents an important opportunity to appraise existing policies on PHC and reformulate them to meet the evolving needs of communities. Second, reorienting health systems towards PHC requires concrete efforts on three pillars-integrated services, multi-sectoral collaboration, and community empowerment. This paper collates nine action points that cut across these three pillars. These action points encompass contextualising policies on PHC, scaling up innovations, allocating adequate financial resources, strengthening the governance function of health ministries, establishing meaningful public-private engagements, using digital health tools, reorganising service delivery, enabling effective change-management processes, and encouraging practice-oriented research. Finally, we call for more researchpolicy-practice networks on PHC in South Asia that can generate evidence, bolster advocacy, and provide spaces for cross-learning.