Comparative life cycle assessment of copper and gold recovery from waste printed circuit boards: Pyrometallurgy, chemical leaching and bioleaching
被引:12
作者:
Schwartz, Eric
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机构:
Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USAUniv Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
Schwartz, Eric
[1
]
He, Haoyang
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Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USAUniv Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
He, Haoyang
[1
]
Frost, Kali
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机构:
Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA 98052 USAUniv Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
Frost, Kali
[2
]
Nguyen, Bichlien H.
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Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA 98052 USAUniv Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
Nguyen, Bichlien H.
[2
]
Ogunseitan, Oladele A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Populat Hlth & Dis Prevent, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
Univ Calif Irvine, World Inst Sustainable Dev Mat WISDOM, Irvine, CA 92697 USAUniv Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
Ogunseitan, Oladele A.
[3
,4
]
Schoenung, Julie M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
Univ Calif Irvine, World Inst Sustainable Dev Mat WISDOM, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
Texas A&M Univ, J Mike Walker 66 Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USAUniv Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
Schoenung, Julie M.
[1
,4
,5
,6
]
机构:
[1] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
[2] Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
[3] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Populat Hlth & Dis Prevent, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
[4] Univ Calif Irvine, World Inst Sustainable Dev Mat WISDOM, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
[5] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
[6] Texas A&M Univ, J Mike Walker 66 Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
Urban mining;
Waste reclamation;
E -waste recycling;
Life cycle assessment;
Metallurgy;
ELECTRONIC WASTE;
METAL RECOVERY;
METALLURGICAL RECOVERY;
PRECIOUS METALS;
WEEE;
D O I:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134545
中图分类号:
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号:
08 ;
0830 ;
摘要:
Printed circuit boards (PCBs) make up a substantial amount of electronic waste (e-waste) generated annually. Waste PCBs contain high quantities of copper and gold in comparison to natural ores. As such, "urban mining" of waste PCBs to recover these metals is of commercial interest. In this work, we used life cycle assessment to compare the environmental impact of four copper and gold recovery processes. We evaluated pyrometallurgy, chemical leaching, and bioleaching, as well as a hybrid leaching process that uses bioleaching to recover copper and chemical leaching to recover gold. Furthermore, we considered differences in environmental impact based on differences in electricity sources. If electricity comes from fossil fuels, the pyrometallurgical process results in the lowest environmental impact in all impact categories studied. If electricity comes from carbon-free sources, the pyrometallurgical process results in the lowest environmental impact in all categories studied except global warming, where the hybrid leaching process results in the lowest impact. In all cases, metal recovery from waste PCBs leads to lower environmental impact than primary metal production. Our goal is to guide e-waste recyclers towards more environmentally sustainable metal recovery processes and to provide knowledge gaps in the field to guide future research.