Multi-doping effect on the martensitic transformation behavior of shape memory alloys

Incorporating various elements into host shape memory alloys (SMAs) has proven to be an effective strategy for optimizing their functional properties. However, modeling the complex multi-doping effect is challenging. In the present study, we introduced a phenomenological model based on Ginzburg-Landau theory, wherein each doping element is conceptualized as an internal dilatational stress. This internal stress is represented as a spatial Gaussian distribution characterized by two influential parameters: potency (h) and range ( sigma). The interaction between doping elements arises from the superposition of these stresses. Utilizing a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulation based on our proposed model, diverse combinations of h and sigma replicate the varied experimental outcomes associated with multi-doping effects. This model offers insight into the understanding of the doping impact on martensitic transformation and may contribute to the development of SMAs with tailored properties.