Central Nervous System Effects of Early HIV Infection and Consequences of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation during Acute HIV

被引:7
作者
Chan, Phillip [1 ,2 ]
Spudich, Serena [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Yale Sch Med, Dept Neurol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
[2] Yale Sch Med, Ctr Brain & Mind Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
来源
VIRUSES-BASEL | 2024年 / 16卷 / 07期
关键词
acute HIV infection; primary HIV infection; central nervous system; cerebrospinal fluid; cognitive assessment; neuroimaging; antiretroviral therapy; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CD4/CD8; RATIO; INFLAMMATION; DEPRESSION; MARKERS; ESCAPE; INDIVIDUALS; PLASMA;
D O I
10.3390/v16071082
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
HIV infection is a multi-organ disease that involves the central nervous system (CNS). While devastating CNS complications such as HIV-associated dementia and CNS opportunistic infection typically manifest years after HIV acquisition, HIV RNA is readily detected in the cerebrospinal fluid in untreated neuroasymptomatic people with HIV, highlighting that HIV neuroinvasion predates overt clinical manifestations. Over the past two decades, increased awareness of HIV infection within the at-risk population, coupled with the accessibility of nucleic acid testing and modern HIV immunoassays, has made the detection of acute and early HIV infection readily achievable. This review aims to summarize research findings on CNS involvement during acute and early HIV infection, as well as the outcomes following the immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy during this early stage of infection. The knowledge gap in long-term neuroprotection through early ART within the first year of infection will be discussed.
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页数:13
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