Necrotizing pneumonia secondary to Influenza A (H1N1) coinfection with Staphylococcus aureus: A case report

Objective: This study aims to enhance understanding of necrotizing pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome by analyzing an adult case of community-acquired necrotizing pneumonia caused by co-infection of Influenza A (H1N1) and Staphylococcus aureus with LukS-PV and LukF-PV virulence factor genes. Method: The clinical data of one patient admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with co-infection of Influenza A (H1N1) and Staphylococcus aureus was retrospectively analyzed. Results: The patient exhibited typical clinical manifestations of viral and Staphylococcus aureus co-infection, including necrotizing pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome. The presence of LukS-PV and LukF-PV virulence factor genes of Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the patient's bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Unfortunately,although antiviral agents (oseltamivir) and antibiotics (linezolid, imipenem-cilastatin) were timely administrated, as well as corticosteroids for anti-inflammatory purposes, the patient's condition was progressively deteriorated and eventually led to death. Conclusion: Clinical practitioners should be vigilant about the co-infection of Influenza virus and Staphylococcus aureus, particularly when the latter carries virulence factors. The presence of virulence factor genes of Staphylococcus aureus can lead to necrotizing pneumonia with a poor prognosis. This is a particular concern because both infections can be life threatening in young adults.