A Review on Security and Privacy Issues Pertaining to Cyber-Physical Systems in the Industry 5.0 Era

The advent of Industry 5.0 marks a transformative era where Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) seamlessly integrate physical processes with advanced digital technologies. However, as industries become increasingly interconnected and reliant on smart digital technologies, the intersection of physical and cyber domains introduces novel security considerations, endangering the entire industrial ecosystem. The transition towards a more cooperative setting, including humans and machines in Industry 5.0, together with the growing intricacy and interconnection of CPSs, presents distinct and diverse security and privacy challenges. In this regard, this study provides a comprehensive review of security and privacy concerns pertaining to CPSs in the context of Industry 5.0. The review commences by providing an outline of the role of CPSs in Industry 5.0 and then proceeds to conduct a thorough review of the different security risks associated with CPSs in the context of Industry 5.0. Afterward, the study also presents the privacy implications inherent in these systems, particularly in light of the massive data collection and processing required. In addition, the paper delineates potential avenues for future research and provides countermeasures to surmount these challenges. Overall, the study underscores the imperative of adopting comprehensive security and privacy strategies within the context of Industry 5.0.