Given widespread confusions regarding the concept and the ethics of lying, the paper presents three criteria of lying, that together are necessary and su ffi cient: ( 1 ) untrue, ( 2 ) untruthful, ( 3 ) deceiving. On this conceptual basis it is made clear that lying is not per se an ethical o ff ense, although truthfulness is essential for successfull communication.
机构:
Univ Alberta, Dept Human Ecol, 321 Human Ecol Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N1, CanadaUniv Alberta, Dept Human Ecol, 321 Human Ecol Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N1, Canada
Galovan, Adam M.
Schramm, David G.
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机构:
Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USAUniv Alberta, Dept Human Ecol, 321 Human Ecol Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N1, Canada
机构:
Univ Sains Malaysia, Natl Higher Educ Res Inst IPPTN, Gelugor, Penang, MalaysiaUniv Sains Malaysia, Natl Higher Educ Res Inst IPPTN, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia