Flow induced form: Shape optimization of bridge piers using CFD analyses and adjoint method

This study investigates the optimization of cylindrical bridge pier geometry using a relatively new technique involving Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and adjoint shape optimization methods. Initially, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were used in CFD models, integrated with an adjoint algorithm to reshape the pier and reduce bed shear stress. This approach is hereinafter called the "Flow induced Form", FiF, aiming to minimize shear stress on the bed while maintaining the pier's cross-sectional and projected areas in the flow direction. Subsequently, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) transient analyses assessed the performance of the optimized geometry. Results show a reduction of approximately 5% in the time average of maximum shear stresses on the bed and a reduction of around 50% in instantaneous maximum values compared to the original pier design. These improvements were achieved with minimal changes to the cross-sectional area and projected area of the original geometry (similar to 2%), considering that the load-bearing capacity of the bridge pier.