Roles of synoptic characteristics and microphysics processes on the heavy rain event over Beijing region during 29 July to 2 August 2023

The "23.7" event, an extreme rainstorm that affected North China from July 29 to 2 August 2023, was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, version 4.2. We focus on dynamically diagnosing and analyzing the mass and latent heat budgets of rainwater during the extreme precipitation event on July 31 in the Beijing area, where the hourly rainfall reached an extraordinary 111.8 mm. Generally, the model effectively simulated the rainstorm, enabling further assessment of the extreme precipitation. Results indicated that under the combined influence of three major weather systems-the residual circulation of Typhoon Doksuri (a low-pressure system after typhoon landfall), the embryonic stage of Typhoon Khanun, and the North China high-pressure dam-a continuous influx of moisture and energy was transported to the North China region, promoting heavy precipitation. Application of vorticity equation diagnostics indicates that the horizontal transport term is the primary source term. Mass balance analysis reveals that the primary source of rainwater is the accretion of cloud droplets by rain, and the condensation of water vapor into cloud droplets is the main contributor to the latent heat.