A comprehensive review on the synthesis of ferrite nanomaterials via bottom-up and top-down approaches advantages, disadvantages, characterizations and computational insights

Ferrite nanomaterials (FNMs) have gained much attention due to their vast applications in several areas, such as wastewater treatment, electronics, magnetic, catalysts, biomedical, microwave absorbers, sensors, and biosensors. This review focuses on the synthesis of FNMs and illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used synthesis techniques, emphasizing the recently published works. The main purpose of this review is to study the different synthesis techniques of FNMs, which are cost-effective and environment-friendly, and how these approaches help obtain nanomaterials with the required morphology and structure for specific applications including electronic, magnetic and sensor applications. In addition to the synthesis, FNMs must be characterized to evaluate their properties. In this study, Bottom-up and Top-down routes of synthesizing nanostructured materials are compared, analyzed, and reviewed. This review outlines the synthesis methodologies for FNMs tailored to specific applications, the common characterization techniques, and the key computational studies using both classical and quantum methods.