Effect of geographical and edaphic factors on the quality of some olive oils from different varieties of olives grown in western Algeria

In this study, our objective was to investigate the effect of soil and altitude on the quality of some olive oils from different varieties of olive trees. The quality parameters, the chemical composition of the oils in fatty acids, as well as the profile in phenolic compounds by HPLC are determined and soil analyses are carried out. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using multivariate analysis (PCA). The results obtained showed that the highest concentrations of oleuropein derivatives and ligstroside derivatives were observed in chemlal oil (SBA) and the recorded values were 105.97 mg/Kg and 83.49 mg/Kg. Oleocanthal was found in all the tested samples, and it was higher in Chemlal oil (102.43 mg/kg). Phenolic compounds have affinities with soil clay content and altitude, palmitic and palmitoleic acids are influenced by organic matter content and soil pH.