Exploring the potential of bacterial concrete: A sustainable solution for remediation of crack and durability enhancement - A critical review

The investigation of durable and sustainable construction materials has encouraged significant advancements in concrete technology, one such notable innovation is integration of microbial processes. This paper focuses on the realm of microbial concrete, examining material characterization, crack healing mechanism, sustainability and economic evaluation. Material characterization by techniques including SEM, XRD and TGA, providing important insights into microstructures and composition of bacterial concrete, providing a deeper understanding of its properties and potential applications. Self-healing mechanisms enabled by bacterial spores embedded in concrete, present promising solutions to reduce deterioration of concrete. These mechanisms triggered by exposure to moisture, initiates the process of ureolysis, leading to the formation of calcium carbonate and the sealing of cracks. Despite the initial higher cost associated with microbial concrete, its long term benefits, including extended lifespan and reduced maintenance costs, justify further research and investment. There is a need for interdisciplinary collaborations, long term performance studies under different environmental conditions and the development of improved healing agents are recommended for future research. Microbial concrete holds potential to transform the construction sector, leading to the path towards durable and sustainable concrete structures.