Evidence of a New Population of Weak Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes Observed From Aircraft Altitude

被引：1

作者：

Bjorge-Engeland, I. ^{[1
]}

Ostgaard, N. ^{[1
]}

Sarria, D. ^{[1
]}

Marisaldi, M. ^{[1
]}

Mezentsev, A. ^{[1
]}

Fuglestad, A. ^{[1
]}

Lehtinen, N. ^{[1
]}

Grove, J. E. ^{[2
]}

Shy, D. ^{[2
]}

Lang, T. ^{[3
]}

Quick, M. ^{[3
]}

Christian, H. ^{[4
]}

Schultz, C. ^{[3
]}

Blakeslee, R. ^{[3
]}

Adams, I. ^{[5
]}

Kroodsma, R. ^{[5
]}

Heymsfield, G. ^{[5
]}

Ullaland, K. ^{[1
]}

Yang, S. ^{[1
]}

Qureshi, B. Hasan ^{[1
]}

Sondergaard, J. ^{[1
]}

Husa, B. ^{[1
]}

Walker, D. ^{[4
]}

Bateman, M. ^{[4
]}

Mach, D. ^{[6
]}

Bitzer, P. ^{[4
]}

Fullekrug, M. ^{[7
]}

Cohen, M. ^{[8
]}

Stanley, M. ^{[9
]}

Cummer, S. ^{[10
]}

Montanya, J. ^{[11
]}

Pazos, M. ^{[12
]}

Velosa, C. ^{[13
]}

van der Velde, O. ^{[11
]}

Pu, Y. ^{[10
]}

Krehbiel, P. ^{[9
]}

Roncancio, J. A. ^{[11
]}

Lopez, J. A. ^{[11
]}

Urbani, M. ^{[11
]}

Santos, A. ^{[13
]}

Neubert, T. ^{[14
]}

Gordillo-Vazquez, F. ^{[15
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Bergen, Norway

[2] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA

[3] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA

[4] Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Ctr, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL USA

[5] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA

[6] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL USA

[7] Univ Bath, Bath, England

[8] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA USA

[9] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA

[10] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA

[11] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain

[12] UNAM, Inst Ciencias Atmosfera & Cambio Climat, Cdmx, Mexico

[13] Univ Nacl Colombia, Medellin, Colombia

[14] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Space Res & Technol, Lyngby, Denmark

[15] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain

来源：

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS | 2024年 / 51卷 / 17期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 英国自然环境研究理事会; 欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

terrestrial gamma-ray flashes; lightning; ALOFT; aircraft campaign; ASIM;

D O I：

10.1029/2024GL110395

中图分类号：

P [天文学、地球科学];

学科分类号：

07 ;

摘要：

Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) are ten-to-hundreds of microsecond bursts of gamma-rays produced when electrons in strong electric fields in thunderclouds are accelerated to relativistic energies. Space instruments have observed TGFs with source photon brightness down to similar to 1017-1016. Based on space and aircraft observations, TGFs have been considered rare phenomena produced in association with very few lightning discharges. Space observations associated with lightning ground observations in the radio band have indicated that there exists a population of dimmer TGFs. Here we show observations of TGFs from aircraft altitude that were not detected by a space instrument viewing the same area. The TGFs were found through Monte Carlo modeling to be associated with 1015-1012 photons at source, which is several orders of magnitude below what can be seen from space. Our results suggest that there exists a significant population of TGFs that are too weak to be observed from space. Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) are short bursts of gamma-rays produced in the strong electric fields in thunderclouds. Based on space and aircraft observations, TGFs have been considered a rare phenomena. In this paper, we present observations of TGFs from an aircraft campaign that were not detected by a space instrument viewing the same area. Our results reveal that these TGFs were too weak to be observed from space, indicating a significant population of TGFs that are undetectable by space instruments. The ALOFT flight campaign detected six TGFs within a few minutes during an ISS overpass, and none were detected by the ASIM instrument We show that there must be a population of TGFs that are too weak to be observed from space The fluence at 15 km of this population is 2-5 orders of magnitude lower than the TGFs observed from space

引用

页数：9

共 27 条

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