Optical wireless sensor networks in underwater turbulence using multimode beams

Optical wireless sensor networks (OWSN) that employ multimode optical beams operating in underwater turbulence are investigated. For this purpose, off-axis average intensity at the destination point (receiver) is formulated in underwater turbulence when the incidences at the sensors are multimode optical beams. Based on the trends of the appropriately determined off-axis received average intensities of various multimode beams, identification of the sensor can be made. The proposed procedure is also applied as special cases, to optical wireless sensor networks that employ single higher mode beams.