Local Therapy and Reconstruction in Penile Cancer: A Review

被引:1
作者
Zekan, David [1 ]
Praetzel, Rebecca [2 ]
Luchey, Adam [1 ]
Hajiran, Ali [1 ]
机构
[1] West Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
[2] Liberty Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Lynchburg, VA 24502 USA
关键词
penile cancer; partial penectomy; radical penectomy; Mohs surgery; topical therapy; glans resurfacing; glansectomy; penile reconstruction; NEO-GLANS RECONSTRUCTION; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; PERINEAL URETHROSTOMY; FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES; SPARING SURGERY; SEXUAL FUNCTION; LASER TREATMENT; PARACHUTE TECHNIQUE; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; IN-SITU;
D O I
10.3390/cancers16152704
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Simple Summary Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is a rare yet distressing condition representing less than 1% of cancer diagnoses in the United States annually. It is largely associated with human papillomavirus infection, lack of circumcision, and poor hygiene, among other factors. When detected early, local therapies for penile cancer offer robust response and cure rates, but they can be disfiguring, leading to psychologic, social, and functional distress. Herein, we explore local therapies, including topical drugs, laser therapy, and excisional procedures, and more radical surgeries for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis as well as advanced reconstructive techniques, including skin grafting and the creation of a new penis to maintain functional status and cosmesis.Abstract Local therapy for penile cancer provides robust survival and can preserve the penis functionally and cosmetically. Interventions must target the appropriate clinical stage. We reviewed studies regarding the primary therapy in penile cancer, from topical therapy to radical penectomy, and reconstructive techniques. Topical therapy (5-FU or Imiquimod) provides a robust oncologic response in patients with Ta or Tis disease. Multiple laser therapies are available for localized patients and those with low-grade T1 disease. There is a non-trivial risk of progression and nodal metastases in poorly selected patients. Wide local excision provides an oncologically sound option in patient with up to T1 disease; less evidence exists for Mohs microsurgery in the setting of penile cancer. Increasingly aggressive approaches include glansectomy and partial/radical penectomy, which provide 5- and 10-year cancer-specific survival rates of over 80%. Meticulous reconstruction is necessary for the durable function of the remaining penis. Preservation of voiding and sexual function occurs via penile skin grafting, glans resurfacing, creation of a functional penile stump, and phalloplasty with a penile implant. Perineal urethrostomy provides an alternative in pathology demanding extensive partial or radical penectomy, and a durable option for seated voiding. Clinical suspicion and timely diagnosis are paramount in terms of management as less-invasive options for earlier-stage disease develop.
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页数:14
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