Expanded Polyethylene Circularity Potentials: A Comprehensive Overview of Production Process, Applications, and Recycling Techniques

Expanded polyethylene (EPE) is a versatile and widely used material in the packaging and construction industries. However, its circularity potential has not been holistically detailed in terms of production process, applications and recycling profiles. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the processing, applications, and recycling techniques of EPE with the goal of establishing its circular economy values. It was identified that base resin, foaming temperature, blowing, and cross-linking agents are required for the production of EPE. It was also observed that low-density polyethylene, carbon dioxide, and Azodicarbonamide are the most frequently utilized base resins and physical and chemical blowing agents, respectively. EPE has been used as packaging, insulation material, and for the production of toys and food/fruit preservation, among others. Recycling of EPE is an important consideration due to its widespread use and the impact of waste on the environment. Currently, recycling of EPE is limited, but techniques such as solvo-thermal and thermo-mechanical as well as the production of composites have been explored. In conclusion, this research provides a comprehensive overview of the processing, applications, and recycling techniques of EPE. The potential of EPE from its stage of production, application and recycling stage confirms its circularity potential for sustainable development.