Effect of predictive nursing based on risk early warning system on patients with acute respiratory failure in Intensive Care Unit

Background & Objective: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a life-threatening condition that necessitates intensive care and often results in high morbidity and mortality. Predictive nursing, combined with a risk early warning system, offers a proactive approach to patient care that could potentially improve outcomes in patients with ARF. However, the efficiency of this approach in intensive care settings is still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effect of predictive nursing based on risk early warning system in patients with acute respiratory failure in intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Methods: A retrospective cohort study included records of 368 patients admitted to ICU of a tertiary care hospital due to ARF from January 2021 to January 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the received care: standard care (control group, n=197) and predictive nursing care based on a risk early warning system (observation group, n=171). Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, complications, Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE-II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and duration of hospitalization were collected and analyzed. Results: The observation group exhibited significantly lower incidence of complications related to ventilator use and shorter durations of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and total hospitalization compared to the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, patients in the observation group had significantly lower APACHE-II and SOFA scores and blood lactate levels at both one week and two weeks post-intervention. Conclusion: Predictive nursing care based on a risk early warning system significantly improved clinical outcomes and reduced mortality rates in ICU patients with ARF. The results underscore the potential of integrating predictive nursing care into routine practice, thereby transforming the care paradigm for ICU patients with ARF. Future research should explore the applicability of predictive nursing for other clinical conditions and in various healthcare settings.