Gelatin/agar pH-indicator film based on cranberry extract loaded with linalool nanoparticle: Survey on physical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties

In this study, linalool-nanoparticles (L-NPs) were prepared (encapsulation efficiency was 68.54 %) and introduced pH-indicator film based on cranberry-extract (CEF) to develop multifunctional smart films. XRD analysis and FTIR spectroscopy indicated that cranberry-extract (CE) and L-NPs were uniformly distributed in the gelatin/ agar matrix and could change the intermolecular structure of the film. Color change of smart films showed that CE endowed the film with pH-sensitive property. As CE and L-NPs were added to the film, the water contact angle (WCA) was increased from 57.03 degrees degrees to 117.73 degrees, degrees , the elongation at break (EAB) was increased from 12.30 % to 34.60 %. Additionally, the introduction of L-NPs enhanced the antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging rate increased from 26.80 % to 36.35 %) and antibacterial activity (against S. aureus and E. coli) ) of the smart film, which were verified by its retarding effect on pork spoilage.