MIDIS: The Relation between Strong (Hβ plus [O III]) Emission, Star Formation, and Burstiness around the Epoch of Reionization

We investigate the properties of strong (H beta + [O III]) emitters before and after the end of the "Epoch of Reionization" from z = 8 to z = 5.5. We make use of ultradeep JWST/NIRCam imaging in the parallel field (P2) of the MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) in the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (H-XDF), in order to select prominent (H beta + [O III]) emitters (with rest-frame equivalent width (EW0) greater than or similar to 100 & Aring;) at z = 5.5-7, based on their flux density enhancement in the F356W band with respect to the spectral energy distribution continuum. We complement our selection with other (H beta + [O III]) emitters from the literature at similar and higher (z = 7-8) redshifts. We find (nonindependent) anticorrelations between EW0(H beta + [O III]) and both galaxy stellar mass and age, in agreement with previous studies, and a positive correlation with specific star formation rate (sSFR). On the SFR-M-star plane, the (H beta + [O III]) emitters populate both the star formation main sequence and the starburst region, which become indistinguishable at low stellar masses (log(10)(M-star) < 7.5). We find tentative evidence for a nonmonotonic relation between EW0(H beta + [O III]) and SFR, such that both parameters correlate with each other at SFR greater than or similar to 1 M-circle dot yr(-1), while the correlation flattens out at lower SFRs. This suggests that low metallicities producing high EW0(H beta + [O III]) could be important at low SFR values. Interestingly, the properties of the strong emitters and other galaxies (33% and 67% of our z = 5.5-7 sample, respectively) are similar, including, in many cases, high sSFR. Therefore, it is crucial to consider both emitters and nonemitters to obtain a complete picture of the cosmic star formation activity around the Epoch of Reionization.