Developing circularity metrics for the maritime industry: A stakeholder focused study

Embracing circular practices is crucial for reducing the maritime industry's environmental impact. However, the industry lacks tailored circular economy metrics to effectively measure its circularity practices and performance. To address this gap, a comprehensive review was conducted, analysing over 400 circularity metrics used in various other industries. From this extensive review, these metrics were refined and adapted to develop 57 circularity metrics tailored to the maritime sector. These novel metrics aim to guide maritime stakeholders in assessing and improving their circularity performance. Their relevance was validated through stakeholder engagement and consultations, and practicality was demonstrated through a detailed case study in three private shipyards. This case study showcased the metrics' applicability and highlighted their potential benefits in real- world scenarios by providing suggestions for improving the circularity performance of the facilities. This study marks the first comprehensive maritime circularity assessment, providing a structured pathway for the future adoption and implementation of circularity principles within the maritime industry. By establishing these metrics, the study sets a foundational framework for stakeholders to enhance sustainability and promote circular economy practices in maritime operations. Quantifying circular economy performance will enable stakeholders to track progress, identify best practices, and drive transition.