A systematic review and meta-analysis of the antihypertensive effects of camel milk hydrolysates

This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the antihypertensive effects of camel milk (CM) hydrolysates, including the variation in camel milk hydrolysates among different hydrolysis types, incubation times, and experimental designs. The antihypertensive effect of CM hydrolysate is expressed as the percentage of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity or IC50 value provided in mu g/ml, corresponding to the 50% maximum inhibitory concentration. The greatest random effect of antihypertensive agents (IC50 mu g/mL) in vitro was 122.9 at incubation time of 144-216 h. Moreover, the greatest random effect of ACE % in vitro was 76.7 after 48 h of incubation. In vivo, the random effect of ACE % was 62.7, and the incubation time was 0.16-6 h. The antihypertensive effect of CM hydrolysate depends on several factors, including hydrolysis type, incubation time, and experimental design. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the antihypertensive effects of camel milk (CM) hydrolysates, including the variation in camel milk hydrolysates among different hydrolysis types, incubation times, and experimental designs. This meta-analysis and systematic review included 554 samples; two types of hydrolysate (bacterial or enzymes) were used in these articles. The greatest random effect of antihypertensive agents (IC50 mu g/mL) in vitro was 122.9 at an incubation time of 144-216 h. Moreover, the greatest random effect of ACE % in vitro was 76.7 after 48 h of incubation. In vivo, the random effect of ACE % was 62.7, and the incubation time was 0.16-6 h. The results revealed that the antihypertensive effect of CM hydrolysate depends on several factors, including hydrolysis type, incubation time, and experimental design. image