Impact of land cover changes on land surface temperature variations in Adama City, Ethiopia

Land surface temperature (LST) is becoming a serious environmental issue, since it is an essential controller of city climate. Currently, addressing this challenge in urban planning has gained worldwide importance. The study aims to analyze the effect of land cover dynamics on LST using geographic information system and remote sensing techniques. In this study, Landsat 7 ETM+ (2002) and Landsat 8 TIRS (2022) data were used. The LST was retrieved from Landsat datasets. The correlation analyses were conducted on LST, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). The findings suggested that there was a negative correlation between LST and the NDVI, while a positive correlation existed with the NDBI. Moreover, NDBI was found to be a better predictor of LST than NDVI. Additionally, it was revealed that the proportion of dense and sparse vegetation cover was reduced from 24.14 km(2) (17.47%) in 2002 to 18.17 km(2) (13.15%) in 2022. Similarly, the average LST increased from 28.25 to 31.78 degrees C. This indicated that the rapid growth of urban development was the primary factor behind the rise in LST. Therefore, it was deemed crucial to create a smart urban land use plan to mitigate the impacts of microclimate change.