Recent Developments in the Fabrication and Application of Superhydrophobic Suraces

A superhydrophobic surface is defined as having a contact angle exceeding 150 degrees C, indicating a remarkable ability to repel water. Generally, superhydrophobicity originates from the utilization of low-surface-energy materials with unique micro- and nanostructures. Superhydrophobic surfaces have gained considerable recognition and are widely employed in diverse areas for anti-icing, oil-water separation, anticorrosion, self-cleaning, blood-repellent, and antibacterial applications. These surfaces can greatly enhance industrial processes by yielding significant performance improvements. In this review, we introduce the basic theories that provide a foundation for understanding the hydrophobic properties of superhydrophobic surfaces. We then discuss current techniques for fabricating superhydrophobic coatings, critically analyzing their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, we provide an overview of recent progress in the application of superhydrophobic materials. Finally, we summarize the challenges in developing superhydrophobic materials and future trends in this field. The insights provided by this review can help researchers understand the basic knowledge of superhydrophobic surfaces and obtain the latest progress and challenges in the application of superhydrophobic surfaces. It provides help for further research and practical application of superhydrophobic surfaces. This paper reviews recent advances in the preparation methods and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces. It discusses in detail the challenges and issues encountered during the preparation process and in practical applications. Furthermore, it provides a brief overview of future approaches to address these difficulties, with particular emphasis on the development of active-passive synergistic protection surfaces and self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces. image