Na (100)-Textured Electrode Embedded with Sb-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles for Dendrite-Free Sodium Metal Batteries

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs), the next-generation advanced secondary batteries, have attracted extensive attention due to their low cost and high energy density. However, the unavoidable interfacial side reactions and uncontrollable dendrite growth severely restrict their practical application. In this work, a Na (100)-textured composite anode embedded with antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles (ATO-12Na) is innovatively designed via an accumulative roll bonding technique. It is observed that the Na (100) texture not only contributes to the formation of anion-derived inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase layer on the surface of ATO-12Na composite anode but also efficiently induces the uniform and horizontal Na deposition during the pre-deposition stage. Profiting from the intrinsic Na affinity of Na (100) texture and the high sodiophilicity of ATO active sites, the integrated composite anode exhibits enhanced interfacial compatibility and excellent Na plating/stripping stability. At 2 mA cm(-2), the ATO-12Na symmetric cell can operate steadily for more than 1400 h. The full cell assembled by ATO-12Na anode and Na3V2(PO4)(3) cathode delivers impressive long-term cycling stability over 4500 cycles at 500 mA g(-1) with a high capacity retention of 80.7%. This study offers a new approach to designing ultra-stable, dendrite-free, and high-performance SMBs.