Determination of Arylcyclohexylamines in Biological Specimens: Sensors and Sample Pre-Treatment Approaches

被引:0
作者
Pelixo, Rodrigo [1 ,2 ]
Barroso, Mario [3 ,4 ]
Gallardo, Eugenia [1 ,2 ,5 ]
Rosado, Tiago [1 ,2 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Beira Interior CICS UBI, Ctr Invest Ciencias Saude, P-6200506 Covilha, Portugal
[2] Univ Beira Interior, Lab Farmacotoxicol, UBIMed, EM506, PL-6200000 Covilha, Portugal
[3] AlphaBiolabs, 14 Webster Court,Carina Pk, Warrington WA5 8WD, England
[4] Serv Quim & Toxicol Forenses, Inst Nacl Med Legal & Ciencias Forenses Delegacao, P-3000213 Coimbra, Portugal
[5] Ctr Acad Clin Beiras CACB, Grp Problemas Relacionados Com Toxicofilias, P-6200000 Covilha, Portugal
关键词
arylcyclohexylamines; toxicology; sample pretreatment; sensors; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES; LC-MS/MS; BLOOD-SAMPLES; ULTRASENSITIVE DETECTION; FATAL INTOXICATION; SCREENING METHOD; KETAMINE ANALOG; DRUGS; URINE;
D O I
10.3390/mi15080984
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Arylcyclohexylamine (ACH) compounds represent a predominant faction within new psychoactive substances. Due to their powerful dissociative effects, they are used in recreational contexts but also in situations of drug-facilitated sexual assault, and therefore, they are a constant target of analysis by forensic experts. In recent years, their consumption has been notably high, especially the use of ketamine, presenting daily challenges for laboratories in the determination of this and other ACH analogues. This review comprises the recent strategies that forensic specialists use to identify and quantify ACH compounds in the laboratory with more traditional analytical techniques and technology, and on the point-of-care testing via sensor technology. The study focuses on analogues of phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, and eticyclidine, highlighting the consistent need for higher sensitivity in the analysis of various samples collected from real cases and simulations of possible matrices. The review also emphasises the ongoing research to develop more sensitive, quicker, and more capable sensors.
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页数:24
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