Predictors of nursing home conveyances to emergency department

Background With increasing rates of patient conveyances from nursing homes to emergency departments worldwide, we aim to examine factors causing high rates of conveyances from nursing homes to the emergency department (ED) of an acute tertiary hospital. Methods This was a prospective study involving presentation of ED attendances from nursing home residents during out-of-hours over a 23-month period from April 2020 to February 2022. Data was collected from a standardized manual form used by the Emergency Department to document nursing home conveyances. Results A total of 338 pre-conveyance forms were reviewed. The most common reasons for conveyances to ED were neurological symptoms (16%), unstable hemodynamics (12%), fever (11%) and falls (10%). The peak conveyances occurred between 1600 and 1900 h on weekends. Respiratory rate, oxygenation requirements and high National Early Warning Score (NEWS) were significantly associated with increased conveyances to the emergency department. When the components of NEWS were analyzed individually, decision for ambulance conveyance to emergency department was significantly associated with respiratory rate (p < .001), oxygen saturation (p < .001), and the use of oxygen supplementation (p < .005). Conclusions Unstable hemodynamics and falls were among the leading factors for nursing home conveyances to the emergency department, which highlights the need to implement better fall prevention strategies and standardized parameters monitoring in nursing homes. Future research should focus on outcomes of conveyances and the characteristics of nursing home with higher conveyance rates. This would aid to assess the appropriateness of conveyances and to identify strategies to decrease preventable conveyances.