Recurrent pneumonia in a 2-year-old: A rare case of congenital lobar emphysema

Introduction and significance: Emphysema is an uncommon but important condition that often appears in the neonatal period. Diagnosis is based on CT, which identifies the affected lung lobe, which is treated with complete surgical resection. Case presentation: We present a case of a child who had been suffering for about a year from recurrent respiratory infections without arriving at a clear and correct diagnosis. He was evaluated by us and diagnosed correctly despite the difficulty of distinguishing it from pneumothorax. The final treatment was surgical removal. Clinical discussion: Emphysema is considered one of the important conditions that should be considered as a differential diagnosis if there is clear hyperinflated in the pulmonary lobe. The evaluation is mainly done through CT to reach the correct diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare condition that primarily affects children. The majority of children with CLE experience symptoms and necessitate surgery.