High prevalence and risk factors of feline leukemia virus infection in Chilean urban cats (Felis catus)

Feline Leukemia Virus is a retrovirus causing fatal disease in domestic cats. While FeLV has been controlled in many countries, it remains a major concern in Latin American countries. This study conducted an epidemiological survey of FeLV in 182 Chilean domestic cats using PCR to detect provirus infection. The results were analysed using Multivariate Logistic Regression to examine risk factors associated with FeLV detection. The FeLV prevalence was 54.95 %, and statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) were found for two protective factors and one risk factor. Cats from Concepcion city (95 %CI 0.08-0.56 %) and cats sampled in 2022 (95 %CI 0.1-0.06 %) had lower odds ratios for provirus positivity, whereas non-vaccinated cats (95 %CI 2.3-15.8 %) had an increased odds ratio. No other factors were statistically significant. The high FeLV prevalence is similar to other Latin American countries and the geographical differences highlighted in this study likely correspond to the socioeconomic status of the owners. This study highlights the need for improved FeLV control measures such as promoting FeLV vaccination, implementing health screening prior to adoption of new cats, and educating owners about FeLV to control its circulation.