Silicon, An Emergent Strategy to Lighten the Effects of (A)Biotic Stresses on Crops: A Review

Silicon (Si) has emerged as a pivotal element influencing various aspects of plant growth and development. This review explores the multifaceted effects of Si on plants, encompassing both biotic and abiotic dimensions. Si, primarily absorbed by plants in the form of orthosilicic acid, demonstrates a diverse range of roles in enhancing plant resistance to environmental stresses. Biotic stresses, including pathogen attacks and insect infestations, are notably mitigated by the deposition of Si in plant tissues, fortifying cell walls and triggering defence mechanisms. Furthermore, Si plays a crucial role in alleviating abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and metal toxicity, imparting resilience to plants in challenging environments. The interaction between Si and plant physiology involves intricate mechanisms, impacting nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and hormonal regulation. As research in this field advances, a comprehensive understanding of the nuanced effects of Si on plants emerges, paving the way for innovative agricultural practices and the development of stress-resistant crop varieties. This review delves into the contemporary knowledge surrounding the effects of Si on plants, underscoring its significance in promoting plant resilience and sustainable agriculture.