Accuracy of Dental Implant Placement using Robotics. A Systematic Review of in vitro Studies

Purpose/Aim: Robotic-assisted techniques have the potential to revolutionize dental implantology by offering enhanced precision, accuracy, and clinical outcomes compared to computer-assisted implant placement techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of dental implant placement using robot-assisted implant surgery in vitro settings. Methods: An unrestricted search of indexed databases along with a manual search was performed up to March 2024. In vitro, studies comparing the positioning accuracy of robotic systems in dental implant placement of planned pre-operative coordinates and postoperative outcomes in phantom and simulated models were included. QUIN Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Result: A total of 13 in vitro studies were included. All studies except one used entry, exit, or angle deviation as parameters to assess the accuracy of implants placed on phantom models or simulated virtual implant placement. Overall, pooled entry deviations were 0.72 . 0.68 mm, exit deviations were 0.86 . 0.92 mm, and angular deviations were 1.47 . 1.610 favoring robot-assisted implant surgery. Conclusion: Based on the current evidence, robotic-placed implants have the potential to revolutionize dental implantology by offering enhanced precision, accuracy, and clinical outcomes compared to dynamic and static computer-assisted implant surgery techniques.