Novel cocatalyst MnCo2S4 based on Zn3In2S6 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production and ranitidine degradation

Photocatalysis offers a sustainable method for producing hydrogen and degrading harmful substances such as ranitidine. In this research, metal-like properties of MnCo2S4 2 S 4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a glycerol precursor and integrated into Zn3In2S6 3 In 2 S 6 floral microsphere via a low-temperature hydrothermal method to function effectively as a cocatalyst. The catalyst not only exhibits excellent hydrogen production efficiency but also demonstrates outstanding performance in degrading ranitidine. Under visible light irradiation, the MnCo2S4/Zn3In2S6 2 S 4 /Zn 3 In 2 S 6 composite material reached a maximum hydrogen production rate of 4471.7 mu mol center dot g-1 center dot h- 1- 1 center dot h- 1 within 6 h, which is 10.6 times higher than that of pure Zn3In2S6. 3 In 2 S 6 . After 24 h of reaction over 4 continuous cycles, the hydrogen evolution activity maintained 94.86 % of its initial performance. Additionally, after 60 min of visible light exposure, the composite achieved a ranitidine degradation rate of 94.7 %, significantly surpassing the performance of pure Zn3In2S6. 3 In 2 S 6 . This exceptional photocatalytic activity is attributed to the synergistic interactions between Zn3In2S6 3 In 2 S 6 and the conductive cocatalyst MnCo2S4, 2 S 4 , which facilitate interfacial charge transfer. A potential reaction mechanism was proposed, supported by a series of experiments and characterization techniques. The formation of a Schottky junction at the MnCo2S4/Zn3In2S6 2 S 4 /Zn 3 In 2 S 6 interface enables rapid electron transfer to the MnCo2S4 2 S 4 nanoparticles, preventing electron backflow and thus promoting effective separation of photo-induced charge carriers. Therefore, this study introduces a novel approach for designing metal- semiconductor photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production and ranitidine degradation.