Leucosceptrum canum sm.: A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, biological applications and chemophenetic values

Leucosceptrum canum Sm., , belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is a colorful, aromatic woody plant renowned for its nectar production. Extensive phytochemical research over the years has led to the identification of numerous chemical constituents within L. canum, , particularly highlighting diterpenoids and sesterterpenoids as its characteristic compounds. L. canum has demonstrated a wide range of biological activities including antibacterial, cytotoxic, antifeedant, insecticidal, herbicidal, immunomodulatory and showed potential properties for treatment of heat stroke, anonymous swollen, impetigo, suppurative osteomyelitis, traumatic injury, and bleeding wound. Phytochemical investigation on L. canum exhibits chemophenetic significance based on its characteristic compounds. Additionally, sesterterpenoids and some other compounds serve as valuable chemotaxonomic marker of this genus, since there are no reports on their isolation from other genera and families. In the current article, the latest research progress on L. canum was reviewed to have a more comprehensive and systemic understanding of the plant. Further exploration of its pharmacological potential and elucidation of its chemical diversity could pave the way for novel applications and therapeutic interventions.